Music Contract Negotiations and Publishing Essay

Music Contract Negotiations and Publishing - Essay Example Music publishers have diverse roles such as working on a creative entity with the songwriters in composing of new songs, enforcing as well as protecting copyrights, seeking licensees for the song, entering into arrangements with regard to licensing, and collecting as well as disbursing the income among others. Just as the songwriters, copyright laws, and collecting societies have changed, advancements in technology has changed ways in which music publishers operate. It has led to enlargement of potential sources of profit, making the industry lucrative and at the same time complex (Biederman 2007). Therefore, this essay discusses in length on the role of music publishers, the history as well as the changes in the music publishing industry, and how publishers can realize their future potential. Music publishers play an essential role in ensuring that the career of songwriters is successful. Whether or not songwriters are establishing their name or developing talents, publishers are invaluable to them since they guarantee that they are protected and their songs are not exploited. To some extent, music publishers facilitate earning prospects for songwriters and artists whose professions are not lucrative. Although most of the artists do not have ownership rights, one of the key components in the relationship between publishers and songwriters is the division as far as copyright ownership is concerned. This means that the more services the publisher offers such as licensing and being creative, the more ownership they have. Over the years, music publishers have made tremendous improvement in the music industry. They ensure successful synch licensing, demo recording and exemplary creativity. For instant, the Kobalt music Group is an independent publisher that has advanced techn ological systems that has redefined the industry. Although it does not have ownership of copyrights, it incorporates innovative elements

Barack Obama and Rick Santorum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barack Obama and Rick Santorum - Research Paper Example The paper will look into details in a succinct manner Rick Santorum’s policy regarding Iran and their weapons. Rick seems quite radical and static about the Iranians. In one of the NBC press, he stated that he would work effectively with Israel to dismantle the ongoing nuclear weapon making process in Iran. The policy is to ensure that the Iranians remains under the control of the US militia ands that they do not grow weapons that can harm the US, in one way or the other. Some people, especially the Muslims in the US, have seen this as a form of hatred that the aspirant has towards the Muslims in the United States. Other evidence is revealed on Rick’s claims on Obama’s religion. He supported a claim that the US president is a vowed Muslim and should not be the president of the US (Lysiak & Reddan, 2012). As a presidential aspirant, the above stand has seriously affected his candidature, especially among the American Muslims. Most Muslims have seen him as anti-Muslim aspirant, and quite a number of them have withdrawn their interest in him. His claim or policy has not affected any other US citizen apart from himself. His crucial support in Muslim societies has significantly gone

The Shrm Can Support The Competitiveness Management Essay

The Shrm Can Support The Competitiveness Management Essay In 20th century, globalization as a set of belief or ideologies becomes infectious. An ideologies -concerned primary with maximization economics that give prominence to the roles of market forces along with the deregulation and privatization would lead the sustain economic growth, it defines as the process has speeded up dramatically in the last two decade as technological advance make it easier for people for people travel communicate and do business internationality. (Investor word, 2005) The issue generate some change to the world, first, The globalization has is increase the competitive rivalry from the domestic to the global, as over past 25 year the number of MNC(multinational Company) has increase eight fold and the foreign direct investment stock has increase twelve fold. The economic indicator reflects the reshuffling of the total business investment away from domestic to foreign largely through merger and acquisition (Cooke, 2005, p.283). Second, the firm are increasingly s eek to leverage the HRM to compete in global market, academic and practitioner alike has increasingly to explore international potential of SHRM (Bratton and Gold, 2007). Therefore, HR today is playing a lead role along with business function in creating necessary momentum and internal capability. This is arguing by the resources based theory of (Barney, 1991) it hold that as a firm resources are key determinant of its competitive advantage. The resources must be creating value and competitor difficult to imitate. (Refer appendix A) A model of related to the resources and competence, it shown that the capability for the competitive advantage requires Core competence and unique resources. It identify resource has 4 type, physical, financial, human resources, and intellectual capital and define the core competence as the ability of management to deploy their resources effectively which cannot be imitate by competitor. (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). In order to manage employee for competitive advantage human resource management must possess competence relevant for effective implementing SHRM practise (Barney Wright, 1988). Is that so human resources policies and practices may be an especially important sources of sustaining the competitive advantage (Jackson Schuler,1995). The Emergent SHRM Strategy From the introduction, we already explain HRM can be identify as a tool to sustain competitive advantage But, how to it sustain the competitiveness, it can be explain by the Strategy Human resource Management, it is a process of linking the human resources function with the strategic objective of the organization in order to improve performance (Bratton and Gold, 2007). Snell et al (1996, p.62) defined it as an outcome as organization design to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through people .The growing interest in SHRM has develop primarily because many of the traditional sources of competitive strategy have been rely on, such as patent, economic of scale, access to capital and market expansion are being eroded by the market based competition (Nolan, 2002). Is that so, the Human resources approaches, how to recruit, sustain, motivate and integrate the staff toward the organization objective and how it adopt change environment has become an important issue on generating the competitive advantage of the company. It has been argue by the Guest (1997) model of HRM (refer Appendix B), there is a close link between HR strategy and general business strategy, Cost leadership, Focus, Cost reduction, through implement the suitable Human resources practise, which may generate the HRM outcome, Commitment, Quality, And Flexibility to the staff, and he believe after achieving the following policy goal, superior performance outcome will be provided (Bratton Gold, 2007). Harvard model (Beer et al,1984) also argue that the Human resources practise must keep in view on the stakeholder and business environment concerns, and achieve the employee Commitment, competence, congruence and cost effectiveness, which may generate the long term consequences result , individual will being afford, organization effectiveness. There are 2 approaches on developing the human resources strategy. Best fit approach, which argue that HR strategy will be more proficient when it is integrated properly with its specific organization and environment contract (Boxall Purcell, 2000), Baird and Meshoulam (1988) argue that the HR practise must fit the organization stage of development they describe as external fit or vertical fit. However, the most significant best-fit model has been one in which external fit is determined by the organizations competitive strategy, rather than its stage of development (Boxall and Purcell, 2000). Best practise approach, which is based on the belief that is a set of superior human resources practices which, If adopted will lead better organization (). Definitions of best practice are always drawn from research on the four preferred sub functions of undergraduate personnel psychology: selection, training, appraisal and pay (Boxall and Purcell, 2000). This means the Human resources strategy must involve the whole management structure or process, instead on just HR approaches Ideal Types Human resource strategy Bamberger and Meshoulam (2000), integrate the two main models of HR strategy, one is approaches focusing on the strategys underlying logic of Managerial control, the other one focusing on reward -effort exchange, arguing that neither of the two dichotomous approaches (Control and resources based) provide a framework able to encompass the ebb and flow of the intensity and direction of HR strategy. (refer Appendix C) The implication of globalization in Tourism industry, and the role of SHRM in Sustainable tourism development. As globalization also means increase in international division of labour, achieve through the international fragmentation of production as well as the political trend toward a more liberal economic order (Vesna,1999). Many company going to global, as company can gain competitive advantages by focusing on marketing and distributing while turning to foreign producer for manufacturing of their product. (Bourgeois et al ,1999). Tourism industries are not an exception, tourism is a phenomena base on travel pattern of people, technology and cultural value is a major vehicle or operative in effecting globalization process. (E,Wanda,Georges, 2002). But it face some challenge as development of foreign country may affect the local community and local business, Clark and Arbel (1993) cite several challenge such as communication difficulty, little control over regulatory legal, political decision ,political instability, different labour pattern cost ,product supplier ,religion custom work ,ethni c, language ,lack of code and standard. Rapid growths of tourism possess a threat to environment social and international relation. (Klancnik, 2003). Many of the NGO has aware of this issue, so they come out with global tourism development theory, Sustainable tourism development. UNWTO (2012) define it as tourism that take full account of its current and future economic, social and environment impact, addressing the need of visitor, the industry, the environment and the host community. UNEP and UNWTO (2005) encourage all country make sure their policy and action for its development and management fully embrace the principle of sustainability. Government also play an important role on it, it has many tools that can use for make a different such as the power to make regulation and offer economic incentive and the resources and institution to promote decimate goal practise. (UNEP UNWTO, 2005). Furthermore, The sustainable tourism is not just focus on the environment conservation issue, UNEP UNWTO (2005) define that are three element, economic sustainability, social sustainability, economic sustainability, where social sustainability is focus on respecting human right and equal opportunity recognizes and respecting different cultural and avoiding any form of exploitation. Therefore ,the global policy like human right, fairness in the work environment are become vital issue that organization need to pay attention, in the other hand David Ulrich and Brockbank (2005) argue that the role of employee champion in SHRM, we has to see the word through employee eye and all of their representation while the same time looking customer, shareholder and manager eye and communicate to employee what is require for through them to be success and creating value. Guest also argue that High employee commitment as a critical HR outcome, concern with the goals of binding employees to the organization and obtaining the behavioural outcome increase effort, cooperation and organization citizenship.(Bratton Gold, 2007) This shown that sustainable development require coordination of SHRM. In national level In 1995, international labour market conference state that tourism industry facing or acute shortage of skilled manpower and there are many obstacles as far as HR resources in tourism industry (Srivastave, 2008).In Malaysia, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Human resource are in charge of sustainable tourism development , where MOTOUR focusing on eco-tourism and ensuring the quality and sustainability product (NEAC, 2011), MOHR in charge of social sustainability where they promote equal opportunity in work place (MOHR, 2001). Tourism industry is the important contributor to Economy which generating RM 360 Billion in GNI (ETP, 2010). The government face a lot of difficulty when implementing the sustainable tourism development. First, the constrains on man power shortage of training opportunity and inadequate opportunity to learn and the appreciate the specific requirement for tourist (NEAC, 2011). Second ,high turnover, Globally the turnover rate is estimated range 60-300% annually which is far away than the 34.7% annual turn overrate in manufacturing industry.(Walker Miller, 2010).Third, the replacement of foreign worker and the confusing of Y generation to enter the industry, a survey of MOHR show that the gap for hotel are especially for worker in food and beverage segment front line as well as housekeeping staff are filled with foreign worker, (ETP, 2010) local graduate from Bachelors of degree in hotel management hardly guarantee the attainment of management position ,and some more they need to compe te with the local SPM low skill labour, this is different from other country. This situation has demotivate the local employee to enter the industry as Pendergast (2009) state that mentoring model that focus on individual development use the time span of 5 year career planning are one of the suggest strategy in Y generation value and motivator. Fourth low salary, average salary for tourism industry is RM 1084 per month, which is relative lower compare with other large industry in Malaysia (ETP, 2010), in result the local choose to enter the hospitality industry enticed by income prospect in market such as Singapore Macau or Hong Kong. (ETP, 2010). From the analyst above, I give out a hypothesis, how to enhance the sustainable tourism planning and sustain the competitive advantage of the Tourism and Hospitality industry, it fall back to, how the company or country adopt the Strategy human resource management by implement best human resources practises. The human resources practises Recruitment and selection, is a process where the organization attract and selected the right staff to the organization, an effective approach of recruitment and selection can help organization maximize the competitive advantage by choosing the best pool of candidate quickly and cost efficiency. (Kleiman, 2005). Training and development, in SHRM it is not just a process to develop the skill capability of the staff, but also provide learning environment and the employee own career and future development. There is a growing emphasis on viewing organization as a total learning system and finding its core competence which reveal its collective learning (Prahalad Hamel, 1990). Performance appraisal, it is a process to measuring and evaluate the performance and contribution of the staff, Tznier, et. al., (2000) suggest that organizations generally use performance appraisal for two broad purposes. First performance appraisals are used in administrative decisions such as promotions, salary allocations, and assignments. And second, performance appraisals are used as a tool for employee development processes such as offering feedback, critiquing performance, and setting goals for improvement. Effective human resources development may enhance the company competitive advantages. Employee involvement and relations are the complex set of human resources practices and organization culture that seek to secure commitment and compliance with organization goals and standard through effective communications employee involvement, employee right and managerial disciplinary action (Bratton Gold, 2007). Reward, it is the process to recognize the contribution of the staff, proper reward strategy may motivate and retain the employee, eventually enhance the performance of the employee to the organization. Motivation is an important HRM function to join and stay talented worker and performance better and do extra to the organization, is one of the most important part for organization to focus on develop and sustaining competitive advantage.(Ahmad Khalaf, 2009). How company adopt SHRM by implement human resources practise are shown below. In tourism Industry The recruitment and selection play an important role on an organization, especially in the human based tourism and hospitality industry, and it place an important role on SHRM strategy planning as well as the best practise and best fit approaches, as employee replacement cost are high, make finding the right person to an organization imperative form both cultural and financial standpoint (Credit union Management, 2012). Therefore it is important for an organization to take full attention in the need of generate interest to employee apply the job, and the people who apply are capable to fulfilling the role in the employment (Bratton and Gold, 2007), as bad hiring practise can hurt your business (Lawson, 2012). evidence are shown in the tourism industry Malaysia, Small travel agency in Malaysia didnt provide the proper job specification, and fail on applying the best practise on Recruitment and selection policy, from the detail above, their employee are feel threatened by the entry of low qualification foreigner worker, low salary, and no clear career pathway provided, therefore they are unwillingness to enter the local market, in result cause high turn-over, lack of professionalism, High turn-over rate may lead to erosion of the company implicit knowledge base (Coff, 1997) affect company competitive advantage. (Delery Dotty, 1996). Unlike the Tourism Industry in US, Walt Disney, their SHRM practice pursue Commitment HRM strategy Bamberger and Meshoulam (2000) they not just provide attractive salary, they also care about the employee future career, until they retired .The salary provided is negotiable based on where employee stay, they introduce save for 2 morrow programmes to secure when retired employee, they provide more than 10,000 online reference materials and resources, instructor-led classes, performance support systems, and education reimbursement for job-related degree programs to develop employee future, the reward are based on performance recognize e mployee contribution, (Disney, 2012), the purpose of organization is to generate a innovated and creative learning culture of the organization which the employee may share the knowledge in meeting (Bratton Gold, 2007), it may enhance the organization competitive advantage ,as knowledge is intangible and difficult to imitate, Grant (1996) suggested that knowledge is the significant competitive asset that the firms possess . Barney (1991) also argue that it hold that as a firm resources are key determinant of its competitive advantage, and the resources must be creating value and competitor difficult to imitate. In Airlines, Multinational company Air-Asia pursue commitment HR strategy with locus control by outcome of the staff and focus on the internal development of the staff(Bamberger Meshoulam, 2000) to support its no frills strategy ,although it average salary is low for the reason of cost redundancy , but the staff may be retained , whereby it conduct pilot training programme for the Cabin crew to train as the first class officer (AirAsia, 2006), it set up an one stop Airasia academy to train the multitask staff(AirAsia, 2006), it promote knowledge environment , and everyone is in the same height regardless of your position , they adopt fresh new ideas (Airasia, 2012).it promote, The Next Generation Leaders programme looking for intelligent, young professionals, who lead active lifestyles and who breathes passion into all endeavours (Airasia, 2012). it provide performances related bonus ,recognize the contribution of the staff, and it provide work-life balance, where the staff only need to work 5 d ays a week (Airasia, 2012), as result commitment, quality and flexible staff may improve the productivity of the organization, and which fix the leanest cost structure business level strategy of Air-Asia (Airasia, 2012b), it has been prove by Guest (1989,1997), only when a coherent strategy directed toward the 4 policy goals fully integrated into business strategy and fully sponsored by the line management at all level is applied will high productivity and related outcomes sought by industry be achieved (1990, p.378).There is why now Air-Asia develop so rapidly and can become a leader of Low cost carrier Airline in the world . In Food and beverage industry Marry brown in Malaysia make use of traditional SHRM strategy as it mission was to improve the standard growth of the organization and maximize the sale and profit through its structured franchise system. (Marrybrown,2007a),The training they provide are focus on service quality, improve productivity (Marrybrown, 2007b),in India they tend to recruit external staff to maintain their service quality, the minimum requirement for a customer service crew is diploma, by using the attractive based salary and benefit reward examples, meals allowance, to attract and retain employee(Marybrown, 2012), in control system, the franchisor will make a regular visit on business review, market development and general business coordination (Marry brown 2007b).The purpose of this strategy was aim to process based control , in which close monitoring by supervisor and efficiency wages ensure adequate work effort. (MacDuffie, 1995).The traditional HR strategy or Best fit strategy has enhance the company gro wth rapidly, Marrybrown is now the largest home-grown QSR chain with over 300 restaurants in Malaysia, Azerbaijan, China, Bahrain, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Maldives, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tanzania and the United Arab Emirate(Zazali Musa, 2012). Macdonald make use of resourced based model HRM strategy to sustain it mission customers favourite place and way to eat, which focus on 5 area, product prices, place people and promotion .(Macdonald, 2012a). The Manager had seen Human resources as an asset rather than a cost (Bratton Gold, 2007). In recruitment and selection process, the company make use of Macdonald Green Select, which consist of proven psychological profiling and behavioural assessment , which is Myes Briggs type indicator, Emotional intelligence prevue and the work personal index, aim to meet the candidate with enough competence to fix organization objective. (Mcdonald Green Human Resources, 2010), in employee involvement and relation, it promote manager mobility programme where the manager has the opportunity to work in any outlet of the world .(Mcdonald, 2012), Lashley(1994) commence with a survey of various claims made for employee empowerment as a means of winning commitment of frontline staff to delight cust omer with excellent and hence maximizing the profit of the business. In training and development the company promote lifelong learning , where the employee may has the opportunity to join the leadership programme, even-though has the opportunity to train in Hamburger university to enhance their career development, in the internal development programme mentoring are provided, program incorporates the latest technology features of both informal and formal mentoring approaches, providing a virtual environment to encourage Career Engagements. (Mcdonald, 2012), Payne and Huffman (2005) suggest that mentoring can enhance positive commitment and reduce labour turnover. in result the afford of SHRM approaches has successful benefit the company on reaching their business objective. According to the report, 20 % of the franchiser is start as a crew, 70 % of the work proud to work at the company (Hand, 2008). From the detail above, we may aware, different industry and different organization may use different SHRM practise, and it is varies on their business objective, like Airasia, because of the no fills strategy, the company choose to pursue the commitment strategy to improve productivity and reduce turn over, Walt Disney tend to achieve their innovative and creative business objective develop immitigable competitive advantage, so its focus on knowledge management, all of them has successful develop their own competitive advantages, so it prove that , my hypothesis is correct, where the SHRM play an important role in sustain the company competitive advantage , and sustainable tourism development, as they care of employee future development. The limitation of SHRM Since we know the SHRM can enhance and sustain the company competitive advantages but it meets some limitation, first lack of consideration of Culture in global market. As Strategic international human resource management has increasingly consider a key differencing factor between loser and winner in the Multinational Company (MNC) since 1990. (Schuler et al , 1993). Strategic international human resources management is a step further than SHRM, recognize that is a need to differentiate HRM across country culture ,an area there is increasingly being recognize as a course of business success or failure (Deresky,2008). Second, the SHRM may focus on the competitive strategy implementing, disregard the internal development, example like Traditional HR strategy may be adopted by management when there is certainty over how inputs are transformed into outcomes and/or when employee performance can be closely monitored or appraised(Bamberger Meshoulam, 2000), it is argue that at contingency analysis relies on external marketing strategy , and disregard the internal operation strategy that influence HR practise and performance. (Purcell, 1999). Third ,lack of HR expertise, David Ulrich (2005a) the HR guru once argue there are key role require in HR, business partnership, administrative expert, change agents , employee champion. According to the CIPD HR survey report (2003), among 1200 HR survey respondent, third of practitioners see their primary role as business partner ,slight fewer see themselves as change agent, 4 per cent seen them as the administrative expert, finally is the employee champion. this situation may pollute the SHRM strength on sustain the competitive advantage, as the employee champion seen to take grant one of the central nostrums of normative models of HRM, that employee well-being and organization goal can always be align (Tyson, 1995). Fourth the optimistic of HR manager, we cant avoid that that is a potential due to the personnel role of the decision maker, may affect the effectively of the SHRM strategy implementation. it is argue by Legge (1978) identify 2 strategy , the conformist innovator and the deviant innovator, the conformist manager attempts to fulfil the requirement of the senior management , the deviant innovator subscribe to a quit different set of norms, gaining credibility ,and support the ideas driven by social value rather than strict economic criteria (Marchington Wilkinson, 2005). Conclusion Although there are some limitation, but I conclude that, the SHRM still remain as the important tools for generating the competitive advantage , as we may aware ,that the traditional competitive strategy by Porter(1980) cost leadership , differentiation , and Focus has become common and being eroded by the competitive market(Nolan, 2002), and the unique characteristic of SHRM are effectively for sustaining the competitive advantage nowadays, it can be explain by the resources based approach (Appendix D) , where there are 4 element to sustain competitive advantage, rare, value, inimitability, non-substitutability. The human resources can create value to the organization , where specific skill and capability each employee held will provide more and less value depend on the market in which the organization operate (Johnson,2009). The human resources can be rare, like the management style, the leadership and close relationship, and the unique human resources practice. An organization that employed people with higher cognitive ability compared to their competitor will be more likely to gain competitive advantage through their rare resources (Wright et al, 1994). The human resource can be immitigability, and non-substitutability, example like the knowledge and the know-how skill develop, the competitor may find difficult to imitate. Amit and Shoesmake (1993) emphasis the strategic important of managers identify, ex ante and marshalling a set of complementary and specialized resources and capability which are scare, durable, not easily trade and difficult to imitate. Furthermore I suggest, if a company are tend to extract the global market, they should more concern about the international strategic human resources management , when implementing the human resources practise, as culture and the legal perspective of country may be varies. Schuler et al (1993) once argue that, there four component we has to consider when apply the SIHRM, the exogenous factor, the endogenous factors SIHRM practices, the goals of the multinational company, the exogenous are related to the industry and the domestic characteristic (culture ), the endogenous is regarding the MNC internal own capability and culture, SIHRM issue, is regarding the issue of tendency of coordination, local or global responsiveness, and the goal of the MNC is regarding the profitability and the shareholder interest, as last I reemphasis, the SHRM is the essential tools for sustain the competitive advantage, therefore the manager must integrating the SHRM on the business level or corporate level strategy planning as we has proved that SHRM are the driver for the sustainable and developing of the competitive advantage. Referencing Ahmand, A. R., Khalaf, T. 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(1997) Human resources assets and management dilemmas : coping with hazards on the road to resources based theory, Academy of Management Review, 22, pp. 374-402. Cooke, W. N. (2005) Exiting power in a prisoners dilemma: transnational collective bargaining in an era of corporate globalization, Industry Relation Journal, 36(4), pp. 283-302. Delery, J. E., Dotty, D. H. (1996) Modes of theorizing in strategic human resources management : test of universalistic , contingency, and configurationally performances predictions, Academic of management Journal, 39, pp. 802-835. Deresky, H. (2008) International Management. New Jersey: Person education Inc. E. Wanda George. (2002) Tourism, globalization and sustainable development : Are these contravening concepts. Canada: Lifestyle Information Network . Available at: http://lin.ca/Uploads/cclr10/CCLR10-34.pdf (Accessed: 15 Mar 2012). Economic Transformation Programmes . (2010) Revving up the tourism industry. 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Alcohol :: Alcoholism

After doing some research on alcohol I have come to the realization that alcoholism is a disease that affects millions of lives everyday. In the following essay I will discuss some things that I have learned and I will try to give a clear understanding on what steps I will need to take to make appropriate choices in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have learned that alcohol is not all fun and games. It affects many aspects in a person’s life. I learned of the affects it has on my reaction time, my nervous system, obviously my thought process, and also my reproductive system. Alcohol kills in many ways if it becomes an abused substance. It plays a major role in more than half of all automobile accidents. Drinking and driving is dangerous not only to yourself but to others to. Plus it is not worth getting caught by the police driving under the influence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only have I became more knowledgeable about the affects of drinking but I have learned that if I chose to drink not to take the risk of drinking on campus. West Chester has strict rules about this policy and I am now aware of such consequences of getting caught. But I had the worst of it being that I was holding the bag and that we got caught by the police. Now I have to deal with the West Chester bureau police as well, which will wind up many more things happening to me, including going to court and probably getting a hefty fine as well as my license taken away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some good advice I might have for someone who chooses to drink on campus is â€Å"don’t†. It is not worth getting caught by the school and possibly the police. If you do choose to drink do it on safe grounds such as somebody’s house or apartment. But even then it is still possible to get caught by the guard beings that you may be too intoxicated. So the best advice I could give someone is to sleep over a friend’s house off campus somewhere and stay out of trouble with the school because in the

About The Penan Tribe Architecture Essay

The reappraisal that I would wish to do among the 5 folks that acted by the Bruce Parry is the Penan folk. First of all, I would wish to present briefly about the character of Bruce Parry. Bruce Parry is an militant that venture into the most distant country of Sarawak province in Malayan Borneo. He believes that the lone ways to cognize more about the civilization anthropology and cognition for a folk is to hold a participant observation in his fieldwork. Participant observations mean that life within a given civilization for an drawn-out period of clip, and take portion in its cultural day-to-day life in all its profusion and diverseness. The Penan is a mobile native that roved on the land of Sarawak Borneo and some other parts on Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan. Nowadays, the figure of Penan had officially stated approximate to 10,000 people and around 350-500 of them are mobile that scattered over Ulu Baram, Limbang, Tutoh and Lawas of Sarawak.( Figures retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.survival-international.org )The present Penans are consisted with settled, semi-nomadic and entire mobile communities that to the full depend on the wood merchandises. In Penan society, the indigens are extremely developed in an classless society and small gender division. It means that the societal stratification among the adult male and adult females are about equal. For case, the adult male and adult females shared most of the jobs among them. Such as, garnering the forest merchandise and extracted sago from the sago thenar, but they are still some portion of jobs that dominated by male, for illustration, runing in the wood. Penan is a group of native that practiced the rite of â€Å" Molong † which means that â€Å" ne'er take more than necessary. † The bulk of the Penan indigens are work as mobile hunter-gatherers. The mobile Penan normally moves in group that consisted about 40 people included kids and old people. They do non stayed for a long clip in a peculiar topographic point. The period of clip that they stay is depend on the resources at the topographic point that they stayed and when the resources became fewer, they will take other suited topographic points and moved once more. The mobile Penan indigen that lived in the wood was really much depending on their traditional diet-Sago that amylum from the Sago thenar. Once, the Sago thenars are matured and to the full grown, the sago thenar trees will be cut down. The leader of the roll uping sago thenar will do certain an sum of sago starched is adequate for each household and kept adequately for their supply. After that no more sago thenar will be chop down until they are ran out of nutrient. Besides that, the Penan indigen besides preys on wild animate beings like wild Sus scrofas, mouse cervid and monkeys. The huntsmans Hunt by utilizing a blowtube, made with the Belian wood and carved out with a bone drill. The toxicant darts that they used are made from the sago thenar ‘s tree bark and on its tip ; the Penan dipped it with sort of powerful toxicant latex that extracted from a tree from the wood. However, the Penan indigens besides cultivate the planting of Paddy and domestic animate being genteelnes s for their ain nutrients non for gross revenues. Furthermore, I would wish to discourse briefly about the Penan civilization alteration, the mobile Penan move in groups and they have their ain kin districts, the groups are consisted of a household of five or six members and some household even consisted of 30 people. The mobile Penan will go forth their oldselap( huts ) and travel to another sphere of wood when their sago supplies are exhausted. The Penan indigens ‘ ownerships are few and everything is carried in simple with a strong back packs made from Calamus rotang. Selap are made from thick poles tied together with rattan strips. Every household has one hut for life and a smaller 1 for kiping. The bulk of the roofs are tarpaulins and there are rarely roof made by elephantine thenar leaves. The floors are four pess off the land and above a fireplace of clay are two wooden racks for hive awaying cookery equipment and drying fire wood. In the facet of stuff civilizations, merely Penan seniors frock in anything coming traditional frock, with â€Å" chawats † ( loin fabrics ) , bands on their legs and carpuss and big holes in their ear lobes. Presents, the Penan indigens are doing the tattoos by themselves which is about like prison tattoos. Merely few Penan now go in barefoot, most of them are have oning cheap, plastic football boots with rounded he-man to protect their pess. In add-on, I would wish to discourse about the arms that are used for runing. For illustration the Penan ‘s blowtubes, which calledkeleput, are about 6 pess long and made from one solid piece of Fe wood in approximately 2 hebdomads. The hole is made utilizing a long metal saloon with a screwdriver-like tip, which is merely driven into the wood and turned, over and over, so construct a gigue for it. Then, attached to the terminal of the blowtube is a metal spear caput, attached with Calamus rotang and rubber-like rosin. This is used for killing big hurt animate beings and offers protection from wild animals. The much shorter blowtubes are sometimes made for runing at close scope in dense wood. Another arm used for hunting is poison darts. The procedure of doing the Penan toxicant darts is cutting off the bark of the tajem tree to pull out milklike latex that is warmed over a fire to bring forth the toxicant. Tajem interferes with the operation of the bosom, doing deadly arrhythm ias. Blowpipe darts are made from palm fronds with a lightweight stopper to do an airtight seal. Darts with metal tips ( cut from Sn tins ) are used for large game like cervid and bearded hog, whilst those for little game are merely sharpened before being dipped into toxicant. The last arm used by Penan huntsmans is knives. The Penan huntsmans are transporting two knives. The first knife is called apoeh, is big and machete-like and used often. The 2nd knife is called darhad which is much smaller knife and is used for cutting meat, paring blowtube darts and all right work. Both knives are carried close together in separate sheathes, sometimes wooden, now frequently plastic. Besides that, in the facet of faith believe for Penan indigen, the Penan have been change overing their animism belief to Christianity since in the 1930s. Harmonizing to the functionalist Emile Durkheim,â€Å" faith is a incorporate system of beliefs and patterns relative to sacred things, that is to state, things set apart and out beliefs and pattern which unite into one individual moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them. †( Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn, 2006, page 390 ) However, some of the Penan indigen still holding a strong believe in myths and liquors. The Penan leaders still pattern the rite of blood treaties with neighbouring folk when making the political understanding. The rite of blood treaties was believed that anyone who breach of this treaty will do to purging of blood and a violent decease. Furthermore, in the facet of economic for Penan native, most of the Penan are work as a huntsman gatherer in wood and selling the chief resource of the wood which is sago. The economic system can be defined as a system of production, distribution, and ingestion of resources, including the cultural belief that supports economic procedures. During the colonial times, the British authorities will set up trading missions calledtamunear to the woods of the Penan to offered forest merchandises likedammar( now used in eco-paints ) , rattan mats and baskets, rhino horn,gaharuwood ( or eagle-wood ) , wild gum elastic, monkey bilestones ( for Chinese medical specialty ) , measures of hornbills, and cervid antlers. These points were traded for fabricating goods like knives, cooking pots and scatterguns. None of these forest merchandises are now abundant, but many Penans will sell surplus meat to logging cantonments. The Penan indigen besides sold the high quality gaharu from gaharu tree but tha t can take old ages to roll up. Gaharu is used as incense, for medicative and spiritual intents, and as a aroma in the Middle East states. For the division of labour for Penan, the adult male will ever travel for hunting and the adult female will by and large garner the sago from the sago thenar tree and make the house chores. The form of economic subsistence for Penan indigen is scrounging. They are scrounging in groups for wild workss and runing for wild animate beings like wild Sus scrofas and mouse cervid.

Groups of Patels in Gujarat Essay

There are two main groups of Patels in Gujarat that make up the Patidar community: 1. Leva Patel/Patidar and 2. Kadva Patel/Patidar. The Kadva Patidar sub-caste is found mostly in districts of the Saurashtra region like Rajkot, Junagadh, Jamnagar, Bhavnagar and Mahesana. The Leva Patidar sub-caste is primarily concentrated in the Charotar Region (which are also known as Charotar Leuva Patidars), Kheda, Anand, Kanam, Baroda, Dahod, Bharuch, Panchmahal, Surat and Valsad. The Leva Patels are said to be the descendents of Lav, son of Lord Rama and the Kadva Patels who are said to be descendents of Kush. The Leva Patels and Kadva Patels are known for their entrepreneurial skills in business and agriculture having a strong hold in Gujarat and have made a name for themselves around the world. There are religious and ideological differences between various groups of Patels. They have their own social samaj (gatherings) and mandirs at various locations. The Patel community followed an age-old tradition of marrying within their ‘GOL’ or circle, but with changes in economic status, global influence, literacy and education, changes are now taking place and Patels are increasingly marrying outside the Gols. Other Gujaratis who migrated out of what is now the state of Gujarat during the British Raj to British East Africa (Kenya and Uganda) sometimes adopted the surname ‘Patel’, and this surname was then subsequently passed onto their descendants (who now mainly reside outside Kenya and Uganda). Also, during the British Raj, some ‘Patels’ who migrated to British East Africa and the Union of South Africa (South Africa) adopted different surnames, usually the name of their village, their trade or even their grandfather’s name. Subsequently, these surnames have been passed down to their descendants. The â€Å"Patel motel† phenomenon, as it is popularly known, has made a major impact on the American hospitality industry. The surname is the second most common last name in India, following Singh. â€Å"The trend started in the early 1940’s, though the real growth took place in  the 1960’s and 1970’s.†[citation needed] A sizable number of Indian immigrants to the United States came in the 1960s and 1970s, when the motel industry was booming. Many of them bought up undervalued and dilapidated properties and turned them into businesses.[9] As many as 60% of mid-sized motels and hotel properties, all over the US, are owned by the people of Indian origin. Of this nearly one-third have the surname Patel – a popular one among Indian Gujaratis(those that came from Gujarat).[10][11]) â€Å"According to the Asian American Hotel Association (A.A.H.O.A), 50 percent of hotels and motels in the United States are owned by people of Indian Origin†.[citation needed] A large immigrant population of Gujurati’s came in the 1960s and 1970s. These Patels known as the founding fathers, worked hard and saved then invested in a lot of properties. Having a steady amount income and savings, they called over their distant relatives and friends from the villages of India. Upon their arrival, they would already have financial assistance from the founding fathers and start up their own businesses. Even though Patels are evenly spread throughout the country they still have held onto their vast network, which has definitely been a key to their entrepreneurship.

Essay on Developmental and Social psychology The WritePass Journal

Essay on Developmental and Social psychologyï » ¿ Patch 1 Essay on Developmental and Social psychologyï » ¿ , p. 202). In effect, this theory demonstrates that children’s personalities develop from challenges which are not immediately understood. Hence, Piaget believed that imbalances exist between children’s modes of thinking and environment events which â€Å"prompt them to make mental adjustments that enable them to cope with puzzling new experiences and thereby restore cognitive equilibrium† (Kipp and Shaffer, 2012, p. 202). Cognitive theorists thereby argue that children simply adapt to the environment through their own cognitive abilities which ultimately shapes their personality. Conclusion Overall, there are clearly different views as to how an individual’s personality is shaped and although many argue that it is inherited, others disagree and believe that it is acquired from societal influences. Arguably, after reviewing both the cognitive development theory and the psychoanalytic theory it seems as though personality is in fact a mix of both nature and nurture. This is because, although children do have some traits that are inherited and exist within the unconscious mind, an individual’s thought process does actually develop from adaption. Accordingly, children are thus prompted to make mental adjustments that enable them to cope with puzzling experiences which widely influences their own personality. Patch 2 Social Psychology Introduction Social influence happens when an individual’s behaviour is affected by external factors such as conformity, compliance and obedience, bystander intervention, social loathing and social facilitating. Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerald (1955, p. 629) thus made it clear that social influence is the result of two psychological needs; informational social influence and normative social influence which are the need to be right and the need to be liked. Arguably, social influence thereby refers to the effect in which individuals have upon one another and can happen intentionally or unintentionally as a result of the way in which the person who has been influenced perceives themselves (Changing Minds, 2002, p. 1). Concepts of Social Influence Conformity, compliance and obedience are the three main areas of social influence and often occur simultaneously. This is because, â€Å"those that conform tend to be obedient and compliant† (Constable et al, 2002, p. 1).   Nevertheless, whilst conformity refers to the changes an individual makes so that they can be more like others, compliance relates to the changes an individual makes as a result of being asked. Furthermore, obedience refers to the process of obeying an order that has been made and often means that the individual has no choice but to make the changes unlike the former two social influences where the individual does have a choice. Coercion is the strongest form of social influences, nonetheless, since this forces and individual to change their behaviour even though they are reluctant to do so. Coercion is thereby the least common form of social influence since real feelings may not actually be changed. Hence, where social influence occurs voluntarily, it is evident that the individual will have made the changes themselves and therefore changes the way they feel about a particular situation. This was recognised by Rashotte who pointed out that; â€Å"social influence is the process by which individuals make real changes to their feelings and behaviours as a result of interaction with others who are perceived to be similar, desirable or expert.† In effect, Rashotte (1999, p. 4426) does not believe that social influences also consists of compliance and obedience because of the fact that individuals do not have a choice but to make the changes required from them. Because of this, it is unlikely that the feelings of an individual will actually be changed if they have been forced to make the transformation. It is questionable whether these views are accurate, nonetheless, since it has been put by Perloff (2012, p. 18); â€Å"social influence – coercion and persuasion – exerts powerful, not always positive, effects on human behaviour.† Therefore, even if the social influence has resulted involuntary, this does not indicate that social influence has not taken place. Instead, a more powerful form of change has been exerted which has had a significant impact upon human behaviour. Social facilitating is the process whereby individuals improve their behaviours when other people are watching. Therefore, whenever a person is undertaking a task, it is likely that they will do better at that task if other people are watching as they will alter their behaviour so that they can impress the onlookers. This is a mild but common form of social influence and illustrates that people can be affected by the mere presence of others. This can, however, be real, imagined or implied and was first recognised by Norman Triplett in 1898 when he conducted a study on the speed record of cyclists. It was concluded by Triplett that the speed of cyclists was faster when racing against each other than it was when racing against time alone (McLeod, 2011, p. 1). Social facilitating does depend on the individual concerned, nonetheless, because the behaviour will not always be improved and in some cases, the quality of the individuals performance may be impaired (Aiello, 2001, p.   163). Social loafing is similar to social facilitation, yet whilst social facilitation tends to improve an individual’s performance, social loafing tends to slow someone down and prevents them from working as hard. Nevertheless, social loafing does not occur when being watched by others but when working in a group with others since it is felt that many individuals work harder when they are alone than when they are in a group. This is also known as the free-rider theory which means that â€Å"self interested individuals lack incentives to contribute voluntarily to the provision of public goods, or to reveal their true valuations of such goods† (Asch and Gigliotti, 1991, p. 33). An example of social loathing was provided in a study conducted on individuals involved in a tug-of-war game. Here, it was found that â€Å"people playing tug-of-war while blindfolded pulled harder if they thought they were competing alone. When they thought others were on their team, they made less of an effort† (Coon and Mitterer, 2008, p. 541). Perspectives and Methods of Research It is evident that social influence arises because of a number of different influential factors and the only way this can be identified is by undertaking a number of different activities involving humans. This enables a determination to be made as to whether the true feelings of the individuals involved have been influenced. Nevertheless, because of the complex nature scientific studies have, it is questionable whether the thoughts, feelings and behaviours of human beings can be accurately measured through empirical methods of investigation. This is because, it has been argued by Thomas Kuhn (1970, p. 4) that empirical methods of investigation are â€Å"influenced by prior beliefs and experiences.† Essentially, it could therefore be said that the studies conducted would have produced different results if they were undertaken by a different scientist. Conclusion Overall, there are a number of different concepts of social influence which appear to have been proven by empirical methods of investigation. These include conformity, compliance and obedience, bystander intervention, social loathing and social facilitating and can occur voluntary or involuntary. Social influence thus arises as a result of two human needs which are the need to be right and the need to be liked and happen depending upon the ways in which the individual perceives themselves. In proving these different concepts, a number of scientific studies have been carried out which all aim to demonstrate how social influence affects the changes of human behaviour. Nevertheless, although these methods have proven workable in explaining human behaviour, the accuracy of these methods has been questioned. This is because; it is believed that different outcomes would be produced if a different person conducted the studies since past experiences and current knowledge are said to widely i nfluence the tests that are being performed. Despite this, it is evident that changes to human behaviour frequently arise which is largely the result of the changes that are being made within society whether they are intentional or unintentional. References Aiello, J. R. (2001). Social Facilitation from Triplett to Electronic. Group Dynamics, Theory, Research and Practice. 5(3). Asch, P. and Gigliotti, G. A. (1991). The Free-Rider Paradox: Theory, Evidence and Teaching. The Journal of Economic Education, 22(1). Bjorklund, D. F. (2011). Children’s Thinking. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc. 5th Edition. Bouchard, T. J. Lykken, D. T. McGue, M. Segal, N. L. and Tellegen, A. (1990). Sources of Human Psychological Differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Science New Series, 250(4978). Changing Minds. (2002). Social Influence. Retrieved 27 December, 2012, from http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/social_influence.htm Constable, S. Schuler, Z. Klaber, L. and Rakauskas, M. (1999). Conformity, Compliance and Obedience. Retrieved 27 December, 2012, from units.muohio.edu/psybersite/cults/cco.shtml Coon, D. and Mitterer, J. O. (2008). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behaviour with Concept Maps and Reviews, Cengage Learning. Crews, F. (1996). The Verdict on Freud. Psychological Science, 7(63). Deutsche, M. and Gerard, H. B. (1955). A Study of Normative and Informational Social Influences upon Individual Judgement. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 51(629). Honderich, T. (1995). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press. Kipp, K. and Shaffer, D. (2012). Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. Wadsworth Publishing Co. 9th Edition. Kuhn, T. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago University Press. 2nd Edition. Lam, V. O’Donnell, V. L. Gillibrand, R. (2011). Development Psychology. Prentice Hall. 1st Edition. Loehlin, J. C. (1982). John Locke and Behaviour Genetics. Behaviour Genetics, 13(1). McLeod, S. (2007). Nature Nurture in Psychology. Retrieved 27 December, 2012, from simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html McLeod, S. (2011). Social Facilitation. Retrieved 27 December, 2012, from simplypsychology.org/Social-Facilitation.html Perloff, R. M. (2012). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the Twenty-First Century. Taylor Francis. 4th Edition. Rashotte, L. (1999). Social Influence. Retrieved 27 December, 2012, from www.sociologyencyclopedia.com/fragr_image/media/social Shaffer, D. R. (2009). Social and Personality Development. Cengage Learning, 6th Edition. Stocks, J. L. (1915). Plato and the Tripartite Soul. Mind: A Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy, 24(94). Shuttleworth, M. (2010). Aristotle’s Psychology. Retrieved 26 December, 2012, from http://explorable.com/aristotles-psychology.html Tomasic, T. (2006). Personality: Nature vs. Nurture or Something in Between? Retrieved 27 December, 2012, from http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro06/web1/ttomasic.html

Senior Drivers essays

Senior Drivers essays Driving is a privilege as well as an independence that we all come to take for granted. We are given our licenses to operate motor vehicles based on the assumption, concluded from drivers tests, that we are physically and mentally capable of driving safely under the requirements of the law. That issuance of the license is not necessarily permanent or steadfast, if the driver does not maintain the requirements. Therefore, when a said driver is unable to locate familiar places, or they make slow or poor decisions, or drive at inappropriate speeds do we as tax payers and fellow drivers agree that it is still okay to allow senior citizens who fall into these categories to still be out on our roads? No, senior citizens should be submitted to an increased amount of testing to determine whether or not they are still in a suitable physical and mental state to drive safely. Its an issue that will impact us all one way or another, someday, and its a growing concern that must be addressed. There comes a time when its necessary to tell people you love their driving may be hazardous to them and to others. According to a report by the American Association for Retired Persons Policy Institute, older drivers are three times as likely to crash per mile driven as younger drivers. The report also states that among all drivers age 65 and older, its the oldest drivers who pose more risk to themselves and public safety, showing how ability to drive safely decreases with age. Technically, the National Highway Traffic Administration refers people over the age of 70 as seniors, but with the magnitude of baby boomers who will soon fall into the 70 and over age group the problems need to be addressed at a much earlier age. Every day it seems I come into contact with a senior driver who frustrates me. I adore the elderly, but its clear as seen through their driving, when it comes to the road; old age an...

Buying the Correct Health Insurance for You

Insurance plans in the market seem to be a good idea for insurance shoppers to find the best plan at a competitive price, but in reality there is the possibility of creating confusion and uncertainty. This article provides advice to individuals, small businesses, and large companies that may be helpful in making decisions when choosing insurance contracts. Individuals have no perfect choice for everyone. The best measure of the value you get is your 'willingness to pay' (Getzen, 2011). Last week, we wrote about what features to compare before purchasing a health insurance plan. As promised, today's versions compare some of the popular health insurance plans you can expect. As we all know, there are numerous health insurance plans in the market; some of them are good, and some of them are useless. Therefore it is difficult to identify which is the best and which should be considered for purchase. Open Registration You usually have to purchase health insurance during the annual public offering period. The open recruitment period is from November 1 to January 31 every year. Health insurance can be purchased only when there is a target life event such as marriage or divorce, childbirth, subscription to existing insurance or loss. Premium insurance fee is the way you pay insurance fee. When deciding on the premium, the insurer will ask your age, the place you live, whether you smoke or use cigarettes and whether the insurance you purchase is for one or one family I think only about it. They may not consider your health status, medical history, billing history, genetic information, gender, disability or other health factors Both of these policies encourage people to buy healthy 'insurance' only when people are sick. After all, why would you buy now if you are sick, if you can purchase it anytime? However, only those who are sick can purchase health insurance and lose all their aims, and the risk of getting sick is spreading to many people who can not know. In the fre e market of health insurance, most people buy naturally guaranteed renewable insurance when young and healthy; low premiums payable by everyone are sufficient to cover the cost of relatively small diseases is. . (This is the mechanism of life insurance.)

ENTREPRENURSHIP CAPITAL & THE FIRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

ENTREPRENURSHIP CAPITAL & THE FIRM - Essay Example This is followed by the factors contributing to the planned start-up business and the subsequent running and management of the venture. Influence of Personal Background The interview with the entrepreneur revealed that he is the only child of his parents. As a result, his parents were very attentive to his upbringing. According to Veciana (2007, p. 55), family context and childhood are among the basic factors affecting the decision to create a firm. As he belongs to a developing country, his parents gave utmost importance to his education. He was home-schooled for a year before joining kindergarten. The entrepreneur believes that during this time, he was taught by his parents as well as a home tutor. His father, in particular, often took him along to several parts of the city that he had to visit in the course of business. In this way, he got exposed to various trades from a very early age. His father is probably the very first role model that inspired him to become an entrepreneur. He owned a textile business and the entrepreneur would spend a few hours in the day with his father at the shop. This fits in with Shane’s (2010, p. 149) statement that children of entrepreneurs are more likely to become entrepreneurs themselves. The entrepreneur also reported that his parents did not place many restrictions on him as a child and allowed him to pursue his interests. This encouraged him to be bold and take up challenges. Although the entrepreneur’s parents were affectionate towards him, they also encouraged him to be independent and assume responsibility for his actions. He stated that from the age of three, he began to sleep in a separate room and was responsible for keeping it organized from the age of seven. Even at school, his parents did not interfere when he was punished or scolded by his teachers for not following instructions. He recollects that these influences played a great role in shaping his personality to take up entrepreneurship as a care er choice. As stated by Ginbcus, Vermeulen, and Radulova (2008, p. 23), entrepreneurs tend to be independent and do not have high needs for conformity. This tendency is reflected in the personality of the entrepreneur interviewed. As mentioned earlier, family influences played an important part in shaping the entrepreneur’s eventual career choice. The father being an entrepreneur himself, there was a role model readily available within the immediate environment of the entrepreneur. As a child and even while growing up, the entrepreneur observed his father making business decisions and responding to challenges. During the interview, the entrepreneur stated that observing his father made him aware of the benefits as well as the risks of being an entrepreneur. Sometimes, his father had to make decisions that put the financial future of the family at risk. Sometimes, the risk paid off. But the family also had to face financial difficulties during some periods. The entrepreneur st ated that the determination of his father to persevere and the support of his mother helped them to overcome temporary setbacks. At any rate, the challenges did not deter the entrepreneur from following in his father’s footsteps. In fact, the entrepreneur said that often he felt that his father was not making the right decision. He then resolved that he would not make the same mistakes if he were to run his own business someday. Douglas (2009, p. 7) describes

Article response paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Response paper - Article Example The problems of the ESL students are mainly at the sentence level. Their writing problems are different as compared to the students of native speakers. It begins at the word and sentence levels. They face difficulties in every component of the sentence, and with spelling, grammar and word usage. The essential difference between the native speakers and ESL students is that the former can speak English correctly, as such they can also write correctly. The latter have skills in their native language. They have ideas but their issues relate to the use of appropriate words and grammatical errors confront them. Personal observations/comments On close examination of the article, I realized the importance of the rater and the challenges the ESL students have to face in reading or writing in English. They have problems in several segments of life, and racial segregation overrides all other considerations. Low self-efficacy, financial difficulties, separation from immediate family members and friends, highly different cultural environment, all these contribute to the problems related to assimilation in the mainstream society. Student behavior in classroom in America differs much and the discipline is loose. They can come late to the class, question teachers, cut jokes and this type of behavior is not accepted in the Chines classrooms. Their main difficulties are in the areas of form, morphology, terminology and syntax which vary from their native language. They may have ideas but lack expression; as such the audience may not be able to follow the contents. The difficulties for acquisition of skills in writing differ for various cultural groups of ESL students. Before reading the article I used to consider the problem of the ESL student’s writing in isolation. On the strength of the various issues mentioned in the article, I now realize that it is but one of the multifarious problems faced by the student and the improved ability of the student in writing may addres s to partial solution of some of those issues. ESL students are a heterogeneous lot. Much difference exists even when the students are from the same country as they belong to different States/Regions, where slang, tradition and culture differ. With such varied cultural and linguistic backgrounds the assessment of their English writing is beset with problems. Some sort of reconciliation will have to be worked out to arrive at an authentic solution, as it concerns the career of the combustible younger generation. In a competitive job market, each mark, each recommendation counts. So, the rater may build or break the career of an ESL student, unintentionally though, with the deficient system of rating. The author is aware of this complexity and has mentioned twenty reviews and given details of those empirical studies as for the factors affecting rating of ESL writing in North American school contexts, segregating them as rater-related and task-related and has highlighted their importan t components. These factors are not exclusive and research on the subject is a continual process and the author has informed that in the light of the experience gained, gaps and proposed directions for future research have been identified. The author emphasizes a number of times in the article that assessment of writing is the problematic area for which no cut and dry formula cannot be submitted as the final word on the subject. He quotes Speck and Jones (1998), â€Å"there are more problems than solutions -problems of inter-grader

The Importance of Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Importance of Identity - Essay Example In essence, it is argued that although ones identity is associated with good things, there is also a bad side of it. For example, some people may fear being identified with certain race or ethnicity with a perception or a belief that other races or ethnic groups are better than others. In fact, people of a certain race may be discriminated against by people of a different race especially where racism is prominent. Identity is also argued to be ones beliefs and personality. These traits constitute what people are and what they stand for. For example, in leadership, the belief of integrity in leadership may portray a picture of what one stands for, and this is what other people identify a leader with. Another example is that, if one believes in success, it is apparent that such a person would thoroughly prepare for an interview, and because of confidence and the thorough preparation, the interviewer finds a distinct personality in the interviewee, something that is factored into when recruiting people. Talent is also another form of identity, which people are identified with. It is what one is best known for that makes one distinct from others. Most of the things that happen to people are as a result of their identity. Although there is natural and constructed identity, in most cases, constructed identity occupies the biggest part of people’s lives. All in all, identity is vital in people’s

Function of Government in UAE Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Function of Government in UAE Economy - Essay Example Since then, UAE has witnessed great transformation into a modern state economy with high quality of life for its citizens (Mankiw, 2011, p. 651). There are no doubts in the fact that much of the credit for the same goes to the government and the policymakers who undertook such policy actions and steps to facilitate growth, employment, trade and investment (Ghareeb & Abed, 2010, p. 36). Almost 8 percent of the proven oil reserves of the world are under the control of UAE making it the sixth largest oil rich country in the world (Sayan, 2009, p. 135). They used the wealth earned from oil exports to build a more diversified and sustainable economic structure for their citizens and spent excessively on their development of country’s human resource. This is one of the reasons that when political insurgency and waves of revolution were spreading all over the Middle Eastern region and Arab World, UAE remained relatively very stable (Rostin, 2011, p. 55). This paper is an attempt to e xplore the various economic policies that the UAE government has employed in the past, present, near future in order to create employment, boost GDP, investment, and growth, tackle inflation, and manage international trade. Discussion According to the figures from the year 2010, the population of UAE was just over 8.2 million people and only 15-20 percent of these people were UAE nationals of Emiratis and the rest being foreigners from different parts of the world. In fact, the country has the highest net migration rate in the world of over 23. Furthermore, it is expected by the end of the year 2020, Emiratis will only make up 10 percent of the total population of UAE (Rostin, 2011, p. 55). This decreasing proportion of locals and natives in the country has forced the policymakers to create an Emiratisation program the focus on which remains to employ UAE nationals in an efficient and meaningful manner in private and public sector (Devlin, 2010, p. 25). This is important because alt hough the presence of talented and skilful emigrants is boosting the GDP of the country and the foreign direct investment in increasing employment opportunities but the wealth generated by these people usually go to their home countries in form of remittances and very little of the same is spent within the country (Campbell, 2005, p. 36). Furthermore, the nationals of the country are usually less educated, less trained, and skilful thus making it troublesome for the employers to provide them with work, which explains why they only make up 0.5 percent of the total employment force in the private sector (Sayan, 2009, p. 135; Mallakh, 2009, pp. 250-252). In order to solve this program, the government has enforced rules for corporations and companies to employ a certain percentage of UAE nationals. Moreover, the spending on the government on education and employee training is also increasing so that more and more Emiratis could take up jobs on merit in the future and the country could g ather a pool of business leaders for tomorrow (Gorgenlander, 2011, p. 205; Rostin, 2011, p. 55). Another important step taken by the authorities of UAE to facilitate investment, which would in turn create employment and boost GDP, was the creation of free trade zones. The country has over 20 free trade zones, Dubai Media City, Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone, Dubai International Financial Centre, Dubai Car and Automotive City Free Zone and Khalifa Port and Industrial Zone

Earth ans Space Sciences (Meterology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Earth ans Space Sciences (Meterology) - Essay Example The Joplin Tornado is considered to be the most severe tornado in history of United States since 1953 (Storm Prediction Center, 2011) as the optimum wind velocity was about 200 mile per hour that created an enormous damage in Missouri. The death toll was 162 which topped the number of causalities produced by a tornado of 1953 in Flint, Michigan in which 115 people were died; however, death toll remained less than a tornado of 1947 in Woodland, Okalahoma, when 181 people were killed. A well advanced tornado warning was issued by the local meteorological office as well as special updated were released by National Weather Service. A great coordination between meteorological and administrative agencies enabled the general public in advance to take necessary safety measures and thus saved many lives. However, despite of taking all the measures, tornado was strengthened enough that it not only produced tremendous loss of infrastructure but also caused 162 human fatalities and moderate to s evere injuries to more than 1000 people (Reuters, 14 Sep, 2011). This paper explains several aspects of Joplin Tornado which include the synopsis of the incident with the help of real-time dealing with of the event, loss of human life and damage to businesses and properties, and some statistics as well. At the end, few points are suggested for forecasters to improve their forecast related to any such occurrence in future. 2. Joplin Tornado Synopsis A tornado is defined as â€Å"a rotating column of air ranging in width from a few yards to more than a mile and whirling at destructively high speeds, usually accompanied by a funnel-shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud† (http://www.the freedictionary.com). Tornadoes appear in a number of sizes and shapes; however they are often in the style of an observable condensation funnel, as their thin end meets the ground and are oftentimes surrounded by clouds containing waste and dust particles. The majority of tornadoes pos sess violent winds having speed not less than 110 miles per hour, however, a lot of severe tornadoes can gain the wind velocities greater than 300 miles per hour with an extension of width well over two miles around, and remain to the earth for a great deal of about more than 100 miles in length (Edwards, 2006). The strength of a tornado is ranked by Enhanced Fujita Scale which consists of six categories depending upon the wind speed. The key statistics that Joplin tornado produced are shown in tabular form below. Maximum EF-Scale   EF- 5 Maximum Wind Speed (Estimated)   In Excess of  200 mph Path Length   22.1  Ã‚  Miles Path Width   3/4 to 1 Mile Fatalities   162 Injuries 1000+ Start Time   1734 PM End Time   1812 PM Approximate Beginning Pt. 1/2 mile SW of the intersection of JJ HWY   & and west 32nd street (Newton Road) Approximate Ending Pt. 4.8 mi. NNE of Granby, Missouri (Source: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/sgf/?n=event_2011may22_survey) Joplin, Missouri exper ienced one of the most deadly tornados of the history of United States on 22nd May, 2011. The first three weeks of May, 2011 were significantly quiet as only few and isolated tornados took place, however, by the combined effect of an intensified low pressure area and dry line changed the pressure

The Importance of Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Importance of Identity - Essay Example In essence, it is argued that although ones identity is associated with good things, there is also a bad side of it. For example, some people may fear being identified with certain race or ethnicity with a perception or a belief that other races or ethnic groups are better than others. In fact, people of a certain race may be discriminated against by people of a different race especially where racism is prominent. Identity is also argued to be ones beliefs and personality. These traits constitute what people are and what they stand for. For example, in leadership, the belief of integrity in leadership may portray a picture of what one stands for, and this is what other people identify a leader with. Another example is that, if one believes in success, it is apparent that such a person would thoroughly prepare for an interview, and because of confidence and the thorough preparation, the interviewer finds a distinct personality in the interviewee, something that is factored into when recruiting people. Talent is also another form of identity, which people are identified with. It is what one is best known for that makes one distinct from others. Most of the things that happen to people are as a result of their identity. Although there is natural and constructed identity, in most cases, constructed identity occupies the biggest part of people’s lives. All in all, identity is vital in people’s

Earth ans Space Sciences (Meterology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Earth ans Space Sciences (Meterology) - Essay Example The Joplin Tornado is considered to be the most severe tornado in history of United States since 1953 (Storm Prediction Center, 2011) as the optimum wind velocity was about 200 mile per hour that created an enormous damage in Missouri. The death toll was 162 which topped the number of causalities produced by a tornado of 1953 in Flint, Michigan in which 115 people were died; however, death toll remained less than a tornado of 1947 in Woodland, Okalahoma, when 181 people were killed. A well advanced tornado warning was issued by the local meteorological office as well as special updated were released by National Weather Service. A great coordination between meteorological and administrative agencies enabled the general public in advance to take necessary safety measures and thus saved many lives. However, despite of taking all the measures, tornado was strengthened enough that it not only produced tremendous loss of infrastructure but also caused 162 human fatalities and moderate to s evere injuries to more than 1000 people (Reuters, 14 Sep, 2011). This paper explains several aspects of Joplin Tornado which include the synopsis of the incident with the help of real-time dealing with of the event, loss of human life and damage to businesses and properties, and some statistics as well. At the end, few points are suggested for forecasters to improve their forecast related to any such occurrence in future. 2. Joplin Tornado Synopsis A tornado is defined as â€Å"a rotating column of air ranging in width from a few yards to more than a mile and whirling at destructively high speeds, usually accompanied by a funnel-shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud† (http://www.the freedictionary.com). Tornadoes appear in a number of sizes and shapes; however they are often in the style of an observable condensation funnel, as their thin end meets the ground and are oftentimes surrounded by clouds containing waste and dust particles. The majority of tornadoes pos sess violent winds having speed not less than 110 miles per hour, however, a lot of severe tornadoes can gain the wind velocities greater than 300 miles per hour with an extension of width well over two miles around, and remain to the earth for a great deal of about more than 100 miles in length (Edwards, 2006). The strength of a tornado is ranked by Enhanced Fujita Scale which consists of six categories depending upon the wind speed. The key statistics that Joplin tornado produced are shown in tabular form below. Maximum EF-Scale   EF- 5 Maximum Wind Speed (Estimated)   In Excess of  200 mph Path Length   22.1  Ã‚  Miles Path Width   3/4 to 1 Mile Fatalities   162 Injuries 1000+ Start Time   1734 PM End Time   1812 PM Approximate Beginning Pt. 1/2 mile SW of the intersection of JJ HWY   & and west 32nd street (Newton Road) Approximate Ending Pt. 4.8 mi. NNE of Granby, Missouri (Source: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/sgf/?n=event_2011may22_survey) Joplin, Missouri exper ienced one of the most deadly tornados of the history of United States on 22nd May, 2011. The first three weeks of May, 2011 were significantly quiet as only few and isolated tornados took place, however, by the combined effect of an intensified low pressure area and dry line changed the pressure

The Role of Media on Emergency Contraception Essay Example for Free

The Role of Media on Emergency Contraception Essay The purpose of this paper is to examine the role media has played in shaping public perception of emergency contraception. Some of the major issues found in the key findings of empirical studies and current cognition, and the relevance for everyday life will all be discussed. Media such as news and internet represent the most easily remediable influence on people and their views even down to their sexual attitudes and behaviors. â€Å"In 1922, Lippmann argued that mass communication could become the basis for people’s views of the world† (Perse, 2001). After much empirical research, ninety years later there is no disbelief that the media can be very influential on many issues. The media has influenced popular opinion in many controversial matters and one of the most controversial is emergency contraception. What has been the role of the media in shaping public perception of emergency contraception? That very question is what this paper will address. Before examining the role media has played on the public’s perception it is important that a general understanding about what emergency contraception is be established. Emergency contraception (EC) or the morning after pill is a contraception that prevents pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse due to contraception failure, non-use or rape. EC may work in two ways: 1) by inhibiting ovulation or 2) by preventing the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus; however, it cannot work if you’re already pregnant. EC is not an abortion pill. Furthermore, use of EC can reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy by up to 75%-89% if taken within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse or ontraception failure. According to the Association of Reproductive Health Professionals (ARHP) â€Å"unintended pregnancy continues to be a major public health issue in the United States. † Out of the 6-million pregnancies in the United States each year about one-half are unintended. (See Figure 1) Figure [ 1 ] Annual Pattern of Pregnancies in the United States: Intended versus unintended (6. 3million pregnancies totals). Data Source: Association of Re productive Health Professionals October 16, 2012. After several years of petitioning by various officialdoms the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) finally approved EC for over the counter (OTC) sale to women 17 years of age and older in 2009. However, recent research has shown that EC seems to be underused. Whereas access to EC has been improved â€Å"its success is linked to the dissemination of accurate information about EC via trusted informational sources, such as family, friends, healthcare providers, and the media† (Vahratian, Patel, Wolff, Xiao, 2008). Today information is gained from many different sources types, news stories which are ranked second according to how reliable they are generally perceived to be, the Internet and television; but not all sources convey accurate information. In 2010 the World Health Organization (WHO) put out an official report discussing the effects of media’s coverage on emergency contraception. According to the authors muck raking news analysis was most likely connected to why use of EC pills were still low and pregnancy rates still high. The WHO listed BBC as one of the news organizations inaccurately reporting on EC. Reports that â€Å"regular usage of emergency contraception may cause infertility and in some instances increase the risk of cancer† (Westley Glasier 2010) had only alarmed women and may have kept some from using the method when they needed it most. Sometimes these stories are picked up by Internet bloggers, reporters etc. and circulated like an illness. Today, the echo chamber that is the Internet can quickly spread and amplify media stories, particularly if they are sensational. An e-mail circulating for several years describes a true story of a woman who died of a stroke while on hormonal birth control; recently, this story morphed and now states the cause of death continuously taking the morning-after pill (Westley et al. , 2010). Stories such as that are then picked up by the populist and the disease of misinformation continues. Stretching half-truths to the point where people believe them . Education on EC continues to be very important aspect on perception and use. However, even in places where knowledge of EC is higher like in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, use stayed low. A big reason for this is that education on fertility, contraception and pregnancy risk is poor. Further compounded by factually incorrect media coverage, which Westley et al. considered to be motivated by concerns over sexual irresponsibility, and was hidden behind false scientific validation. Given that EC is now accessible OTC in the US to women who meet the age limit, proper public health messages should be established to increase women’s awareness of, dismiss myths about, and encourage correct use of emergency contraception as an instrument to help avoid unintended pregnancy and birth. â€Å"Accurate media coverage has played an important role in spreading the news about health risks, healthy behaviors and new products; sensationalist and frightening coverage can have the opposite effect†( Westley Glasier 2010), hence the significance of factual information. Subsequently media coverage that paints a negative light with inaccurate information has given sensationalists with an agenda fuel against EC use. This is often seen from politicians, religious groups and other activist. Essentially the right for a woman to choose has been tossed in the political ring. Thus the media jumps all over it playing it up. Some of these individuals believe that because EC pills may work by stopping the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus, that this is abortion. â€Å"The moral equivalent of homicide,† as Dr. Donna Harrison, is quoted, the director of research for the American Association of Pro-life Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Republican Party Mitt Romney, Newt Gingrich and Rick Santorum have also made similar statements recently calling EC â€Å"abortive pills. † However, according to an article published recently in the New York Times theses qualms maybe unfounded. â€Å"It turns out that the politically charged debate over morning-after pills and abortion, a divisive issue in this election year, is probably rooted in outdated or incorrect scientific guesses about how the pills work† (Belluck, New York Times, 2012). It maybe that package labeling is the root to the fertilized egg debate. Leading scientists are saying that studies have not proven that EC pills inhibit fertilized eggs from implanting in the uterus. Rather they postpone ovulation, release of eggs from ovaries that happens before eggs are fertilized, and others â€Å"thicken cervical mucus so sperm have trouble swimming† (Belluck, New York Times, 2012). Obviously there is a need to re-educate policy makers (who hold women reproductive rights in their hands) on EC and advance their knowledge about EC. In addition, it’s also been reported that EC has slashed abortion rates but James Trussell, a Princeton population researcher said â€Å"The impact is still too small, considering that each year million American women have unintended pregnancies more than a million of which end in abortions† (Health Study, 2002). There were 47,000 fewer abortions that can be explained by the growth in EC use from 1994 to 2000 a forty-three percent drop. Figure 2 shows nationwide, the number of abortions. Similarly, the abortion rate declined 29 percent over the same period, from 27. 4 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 to 19. 4 per 1,000. Figure [ 2 ] Data Source: Ms. Magazine. com October 16, 2012 The chief concern in all of this and the relevance for everyday life is the health issues linked to unintended pregnancy. Now a common problem in the US approximately 1 in 20 women between the ages of 15 and 44 reported an unintended pregnancy in 2001. This epidemic of unintended pregnancy can have negative health repercussions for both the newborn and mother. Unintended pregnancy has been associated with delays in obtaining early prenatal care (sometimes connected with delays in pregnancy recognition) and delays in curtailing or ceasing tobacco and alcohol use, all of which can adversely affect fetal development. Women who have an unintended pregnancy are less likely to take vitamins and, consequently, have an increased risk of a neural tube defect in the fetus. Infants born to women who had not intended the pregnancy are more likely to be of low birth weight, premature and/or small for gestational age. In addition, there is some evidence that unintended pregnancy is associated with child abuse and neglect suggesting that unintended pregnancy can have long-term adverse health implications for the infant† (Goldsmith, 2008). Conclusions There is hardly any question if media influences not only views but behaviors of people. However, sometimes those influences may be factor on half-truths and misconceptions. Success or failure depends on the information received. Even though EC has been approved by the FDA research has still shown an under usage, and no expected impact on unintended pregnancy. According to WHO inaccurate muck raking reports are linked to why usage of EC is low. The Internet is also a place where misinformation is widely spread. Sensationalist, politicians and religious groups follow the misinformation as a platform to the agendas. This is hidden behind false scientific justification, and powered by the want to control a woman’s choice to reproductive health. While countering every health-related rumor on the Internet and inaccurate story in local newspapers and magazines is surely a fools errand, it is increasingly important to be ready with the facts when reporters, community members and patients voice concerns† (Westley et al. , 2010). It is important that accurate media coverage is conveyed not to ward off women if they are in need of EC. There are times and situations as rape or incest where access to EC can be better than the alternatives such as abortion. In addition, the general public must be informed of the attributes, side effects, and availability of EC. Based upon my research I found that EC maybe an underutilized resource because the big impression media leaves on people and their views. Lack of knowledge about EC continues to be a barrier to its use. It is my personal opinion that use and access to EC is better than the alternative of unintended pregnancies. Many people have their opinion on this matter case in point one I don’t agree with that of Richard Mourdock. Quote: â€Å"I’ve struggled with it myself for a long time, but I came to realize that life is that gift from God. And even when life begins in that horrible situation of rape, that it is something that God intended to happen† he says that he struggled with this issue, but he really has not, and never will. Policy makers who have never struggled to keep a rapist from violating their body, nor will ever grapple with the decision to end a pregnancy should not be the one deciding what should happen as a next step.

Case Study of Eruption Cysts

Case Study of Eruption Cysts Eruption cyst not uncommon: A series of three cases Abstract Aim: Presentation of three clinical cases with an eruption cyst Background:  Eruption cysts are rarely seen benign cysts most commonly encountered on the mucosa before the tooth eruption Case description: In two patients, eruption cyst occurred in the maxillary arch and in one patient it foundin the lower arch. The three eruption cysts were found with the permanent teeth. Surgical treatment was done in all three cases and tooth erupted in normal pattern Conclusion: Eruption cyst requires surgical interventionwhen patient experiences any hurt, bleeding or when they get infected and face unesthetic appearance. Surgical excision requires to relive the child from discomfort. Clinical significance: Knowledge about occurrence of eruption cyst, a rare developmental eruption disturbance is very essential to provide the correct diagnosis and treatment Key words: Benign cyst, eruption cyst, surgical excision INTRODUCTION eruption cysts are rarely encountered benign soft tissue lesions seen on the mucosa before the tooth eruption takes place. Some authors belived them as either dentigerous cysts or follicular cysts. However, they are categorized as separate lesions as they seen only in soft tissue. The pathogenesis behind the development of this cyst is not known. One author has found trauma, infection and deficient space for eruption as main etiological factors for their occurrence based on the retrospective study of their 36 cases. It appears to be to arise from the separation of the epithelium ffrom the enamel of the crown of the tooth due to an accumulation of fluid or blood in a dilated follicular space. The exact etiology of occurrence of eruption cyst is not clear. Aguilo et al.3 in their retrospective clinical study of 36 cases, found early trauma, infection and the  deficient space for eruption as possible causative factors. It seems to be toarise from the separation of the epithelium from the enamel of the crown of the tooth due to an accumulation of fluid  or blood in a dilated follicular space literature search shows low prevalence of these cysts. The reason behind low prevalence could be attributed to the fact of being them considered as dentigerous cysts by many investigators  in addition to this only few reports show the definitive diagnosis of these cysts using biopsy since they are benign lesions This may also suggest that either the eruption cyst is an unusual lesion or it is an accepted local disturbance that is associated with the eruption of many teeth. The clinicalsignificanceof low prevalence may also be due to the factthatmost often the dentist sees only symptomatic eruption cysts and the majorityresolves unnoticed CASES DISCRIPTION We hereby report three cases of eruption cyst who reported to the Out Patient Department of  Pedodontics and preventive dentistry, College of Dental sciences, Davangere, India  Case No A12-year-old  male child along with his parents reported with the  chief complaint of bluish black swelling on the gums in the front region of the upper jaw [Figure1a]. History of the case revealed lesion started appearing weeks back as translucent swelling over normal mucosa and it increased to its present size.  The color of the  lesion also slowly changed from its normal red mucosa to the present bluish black colorone week back No fluid  discharge or any other associated symptoms were associated. The general physical examination of the child showed no abnormalitiesExamination of the oral cavity revealed that the child was in the mixed dentition stage.  Soft tissue examination did not show any abnormalities except, the presence ofswelling on the buccal gingiva with respect to unerupte d 11, not extending to palatal surface. Clinically the lesion as bluish-black, circumscribed, fluctuant swelling that measured approximately 1 x 1.5 cm in diameter and was very soft inconsistency. The mucosa was smooth and no ulcerationor bleeding was present Case No An 8-year-old female patient reported with the chief complaint of non erupting upper front tooth along  with a swelling in upper anterior region Figure  1b]. Lesion started appearing 6weeks back as translucent swelling over normal mucosa and it slowly increased to  reach present size. It associated with dull aching pain on mastication.  The general physical examination of the child showed no abnormalities.  Examination of the oral cavity  showedthat the child was in the mixed dentition stage. All the permanent 1st molars had completely erupted and allcentral incisors except were erupted. Swelling measured approximately 1x 1 cm in diameter and was very soft and fluctuant and slightly bluish in color. The was smooth with no ulceration or bleeding Case No A 7- year-old boy reported with the chief complaint of swelling inlower left back tooth region [Figure 2a]. Lesion started appearing 3 weeks back translucent swelling in the region of unerupted left permanent first molarand it slowly increased to its present size.  Examination of the oral cavity revealed that the child was in the mixed dentition stage. All the permanent 1st molars had completely erupted  except mandibular left molar Swelling measured approximately 2 x 2.5 cm in diameter and was very soft and fluctuant with bluish color. In this case too, the overlying smooth with no ulceration present Radiographic examination Case 1 showed presence of 11, case 2 showed presenceof 21, case 3 showed presence of 36 in the stage of eruption and involvement or any radiolucency surrounding this tooth.Based on clinical and radiographic examination, the lesions were diagnosed as eruption cyst associated with 11, Treatment The clinical condit ion was explained to the parents and they were advised to observe the swellings for another 2 weeks as it may rupture on its and may notrequire any surgical intervention. Patients reported after 15-20 days. In all three cases, the swelling was not resolved and complained of discomfort associated with swelling while chewing food. The surgical procedure was explained to the parents and consent was obtained for the same. A blood investigation was carried out before the procedure.In first two patients,the treatment included incising the eruption cyst with BP bladeno.15 and draining the contents of the cyst. A window was cut leading to the exposureof 11 and 21. In third patient as little big with thick mucosa overlying, the superficial part present over 36 was excised completely and it was sent for histological examination. content of the cyst was drained completely. Post operative instructions were given in all patients [Figure 1c, 1d and 2b]. The case 1 and case reviewed after one month and a normal eruption pattern was observed [Figure 1e, 1f]. In addition of surgical excision of cyst in case 3, pulp for 74, cementation of modified distal shoe with intra-mucosal extension was cemented to guide the eruption of 36 [Figure 2c] and reverse crown and loop space maintainer cementation was done to prevent the mesial migration of 46. Case reviewed after 2 and 4 weeks and a of 36 was observed [Figure 2d and 3a]. After 3 month, when complete eruption of 36 was observed, distal shoe appliance was replaced and loop space maintainer [Figure 3b Microscopic examination: Haematoxylin and Eosin stained section from case No. 3 revealed, stratified squamous parakeratinized epithelium with areas of acanthosis. Connective tissue was moderately fibrous with areas of extravasated RBCs, few blood vessels and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Few inactive odontogenic rests was also seen in the connective tissue DISCUSSION on clinical examination eruption cysts appears as aelevated dome shaped swelling more commonly encountered on the mucosa of the alveolar ridge. On palpation these lesions feel soft in consistency and the surface colour usually appears as bluish, purple to black or transparent color  on clinical examination eruption cysts appears as aelevated dome shaped swe lling more commonly encountered on the mucosa of the alveolar ridge. On palpation these lesions feel soft in consistency and the surface colour usually appears as bluish, purple to black or transparent color. It  raised Clinically, eruption cyst appears as a dome shaped raised swelling in the mucosa of the alveolar ridge, which is soft to touch and the color ranges from transparent, bluish, purple to blue-black.2 Inall three presented cases here, the  color of the cyst ranged from reddish black to bluish  Eruption cyst found to appear more in the upper arch compared to lower and commonly involving anterior teeth.to be more prevalent in the maxillary archinvolving anterior teeth. Eruption cyst associated with molars and premolars is very rare. Nagaveni et al.,5 reported development of this cyst in relation to mandibular first premolar which is a rare finding on radiographic examination it is difficult to differeciate between the cystic space of eruption cyst. The reason could be the presence of both the cyst and tooth in the soft tissue. In case of dentigerous cyst we can appreciate anunilocular radiolucent region in the shape of a half moon on the crown of a non-erupted tooth. 2on h istological examination the eruption cysts shows the similar microscopic features of the dentigerous cysts which consists of connective fibrous tissue covered by a fine layer of non-keratinized cellular epithelium.  Ã‚  area It is difficult to distinguish the cystic space of eruption cyston radiographbecause both the cyst and tooth are directly in the soft tissue  in contrast to dentigerous cyst in which a well-defined  unilocular radiolucentarea is observed in the form of a half moon on the crown of a non-erupted tooth.2Histologically,the eruptioncyst presents the same microscopic characteristics as the dentigerous cyst, with connective?brous tissue covered with a fine layer of non-keratinized cellular epithelium.2 On histologic examination of tissue excised from case no. 3 showed stratified squamous parakeratinized epithelium with focal areas of acanthosis, chronic inflammatory cells and few inactive odontogenic rests in connective tissue  most of the times, the eruption c ysts do not need any treatment and they resolve on their own. 4,7 surgical treatment is required when they show bleeding, infected, hurts the patients or esthetically unpleasing. 2,8 Treatment is done to give relief from the discomfort resulting from the eruption cysts. The treatment involves simple excision or excision of the overlying tissue to expose the crown and draining the fluid is carried out in cases where the underlying tooth is not erupting or when the cyst is increasing in size. Mostly, the eruption cysts do not require treatment and majority of them disappear on their own.4,7 Surgical intervention is required when they hurt bleed, are infected, or esthetic problems arise.2,8 Treatment has to be performed in order for the childto be relived from discomfort arising lesion.Simple incision or partial excision of the overlying tissue to expose the crown anddraining the fluidis indicated when the underlying tooth is not erupting or the cyst is enlarging advanced imaging techniques like the diode laser system is an excellent equipment for the management of eruption cyst. The advantages include elimination for the need of local anesthesia in majority cases.9 As a result the occurrence of possible complications, toxicity and allergic reactions are avoided. This diode laser has bactericidalcoagulative effects. In addition to this one can appreciate mild bleeding and better visualization of the working area as compared to conventional scalpel method of treating erupti on cysts. 10 In thepresented 3 cases, we used scalpel for incising or excising the lesion as we did not have access to the laser therapy in our department. The diode laser system is an excellent toolfor management of eruption cyst,since it eliminates the need for local anesthesia in most cases Painless character of laser has been attributed to its transitory anesthetic effect due to the blocking of the  nerve conduction in Na/K pump.9 The patient is comfortable, not noticing the sensation of vibration or observing the contact of the laser handpiece with the mucosa.4As of local anesthesia is not used, the possibility of complications, toxicityand allergic reactions are eliminated. The diode laser has bactericidal coagulative effectsalso.Compared with conventional scalpel there is mild bleeding and better visibility of working areawith use of laser.10 In the presented 3 cases, we used scalpel for incising or excising the lesion as we did not have access to the laser therapy in our institution. Conclusion: Eruption cyst requires surgical intervention when they hurt, bleed, are infected, or esthetic problems arise. Treatment has to be performed in order to relive the child from discomfort. Clinical significance: Knowledge about occurrence of eruption cyst among clinicians is very essential to provide the correct diagnosis and treatment.